Not to miss out, element 102, Nobelium, No, is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, who set aside his vast fortune to establish Nobel Prizes. Mendeleev never received a Nobel Prize for his work, but element 101 was named Mendelevium, Md, after him. It is found in the ores columbite (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6. For instance they discovered phosphorus when they isolated it from urine. It is found in the Earths crust at a concentration of 20 ppm, making it the 33rd most abundant element. Over time these gaps have gradually been filled in as scientists unearthed new elements. When cobalt is alloyed with the other two ferromagnetic elements, iron and nickel, it forms alnico, an alloy of unusual and strong magnetic properties, often used in jet and gas turbine engines. Not only did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the correct way, but he also had the foresight to leave gaps for undiscovered elements. Cobalt is one of the three ferromagnetic metals, so it is often used in alloys for magnets. These metals possess high strength and low ductility. At that time, he had only 50 elements to arrange. Metals containing BCC structures include ferrite, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. He wrote the properties of the elements on pieces of card and rearranged them until he realised that, by putting them in order of increasing atomic weight, certain properties of elements regularly occurred. Then in 1869, a Russian scientist called Dmitri Mendeleev produced one of the first practical periodic tables. Several other attempts were made to group elements together over the coming decades. The modern periodic table is based on Dmitri Mendeleev’s 1896 observations that chemical elements can be grouped according to common chemical properties. The earliest attempt to classify the elements was in 1789, when Antoine Lavoisier grouped the elements based on their properties into gases, non-metals, metals and earths. Cobalt is a transition metal element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 27. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Block Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. The element was first isolated by Swedish chemist George Brandt in 1735. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. Cobalt compounds have been used for centuries to impart a rich blue color to glass, glazes and ceramics. The discovery of other elements followed regularly and soon it became necessary to arrange them in some sort of order. From the German word Kobald, goblin or evil spirit also from the Greek cobalos, mine. However, the first scientific discovery of an element occurred in 1649 when Hennig Brand discovered phosphorous. Copper has been used by humans for as much as 7000 years and elements such as gold, silver, tin, lead and mercury have been known for many thousands of years.
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